Monkeys increase scratching when encountering unexpected good fortune

Monkeys increase scratching when encountering unexpected good fortune


  • Gould, S. J. & Vrba, E. S. Exaptation—a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8, 4–15 (1982).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastwick, P. W. Beyond the Pleistocene: using phylogeny and constraint to inform the evolutionary psychology of human mating. Psychol. Bull. 135, 794–821 (2009).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, H. K. & Sherman, P. W. Adaptation and the goals of evolutionary research. Q. Rev. Biol. 68, 1–32 (1993).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ventura, R., Majolo, B., Schino, G. & Hardie, S. Differential effects of ambient temperature and humidity on allogrooming, self-grooming, and scratching in wild Japanese macaques. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 126, 453–457 (2005).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Duboscq, J., Romano, V., Sueur, C. & MacIntosh, A. J. J. Scratch that itch: revisiting links between self-directed behaviour and parasitological, social and environmental factors in a free-ranging primate. R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 160571 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Golpanian, R. S., Kim, H. S. & Yosipovitch, G. Effects of stress on itch. Clin. Ther. 42, 745–756 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, K. M. & Akiyama, T. The vicious cycle of itch and anxiety. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 87, 17–26 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J. S. et al. Contagious itch can be induced in humans but not in rodents. Mol. Brain 12, 38 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Holle, H., Warne, K., Seth, A. K., Critchley, H. D. & Ward, J. Neural basis of contagious itch and why some people are more prone to it. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 19816–19821 (2012).

  • Helt, M. S. et al. Contagious itching is heightened in children with autism spectrum disorders. Dev. Sci. 24, e13024 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Castles, D. L. & Whiten, A. Post-conflict behaviour of wild Olive baboons. II. Stress and self-directed behaviour. Ethology 104, 148–160 (1998).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • di Polizzi, E., Schino, G., Tiddi, B. & Aureli, F. Scratching as a window into the emotional responses of wild tufted capuchin monkeys. Ethology 118, 1072–1084 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutsukake, N. & Castles, D. L. Reconciliation and variation in post-conflict stress in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata): testing the integrated hypothesis. Anim. Cogn. 4, 259–268 (2001).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Castles, D. L., Whiten, A. & Aureli, F. Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female Olive baboons. Anim. Behav. 58, 1207–1215 (1999).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Maestripieri, D. Maternal anxiety in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Ethology 95, 19–31 (1993).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Itakura, S. Emotional behavior during the learning of a contingency task in a chimpanzee. Percept. Mot. Skills 76, 563–566 (1993).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Leavens, D. A., Aureli, F., Hopkins, W. D. & Hyatt, C. W. Effects of cognitive challenge on self-directed behaviors by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am. J. Primatol. 55, 1–14 (2001).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeds, A. & Lukas, K. E. Experimentally evaluating the function of self-directed behaviour in two adult mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Anim. Welf. 27, 81–86 (2018).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aureli, F., Van Schaik, C. P. & Van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M. Functional aspects of reconciliation among captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Am. J. Primatol. 19, 39–51 (1989).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Palagi, E. & Norscia, I. Scratching around stress: hierarchy and reconciliation make the difference in wild brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus). Stress 14, 93–97 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros, M., Boere, V., Huston, J. P. & Tomaz, C. Measuring fear and anxiety in the marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) with a novel predator confrontation model: effects of diazepam. Behav. Brain Res. 108, 205–211 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y. et al. Vocalizations associated with anxiety and fear in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Behav. Brain Res. 275, 43–52 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, P. G., Griffaton, N. S. & Fincke, A. M. Conflict management by hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) during crowding: a tension-reduction strategy. Am. J. Primatol. 68, 993–1006 (2006).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Neal, S. J. & Caine, N. G. Scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am. J. Primatol. 78, 216–226 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, G. M. The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits. (MIT Press, 2005).

  • Held, S. D. E. & Špinka, M. Animal play and animal welfare. Anim. Behav. 81, 891–899 (2011).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Iki, S. & Kutsukake, N. Play face in Japanese macaques reflects the sender’s play motivation. Anim. Cogn. 26, 849–859 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, X. J. et al. Joyful by nature: approaches to investigate the evolution and function of joy in non-human animals. Biol. Rev. 98, 1548–1563 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagen, R. Animal Play Behavior. (Oxford University Press, 1981).

  • Iki, S. & Kutsukake, N. Victims of play escalation rank below aggressors in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Int. J. Primatol. 43, 365–383 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Iki, S. & Adachi, I. Fearful snake pictures make monkeys Pessimistic. iScience 26, 107622 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Iki, S. & Adachi, I. Affective bodily responses in monkeys predict subsequent pessimism, but not vice versa. Proc. R. Soc. B 292, 20242549 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton, N. & Gray, J. A. Anxiolytic action on the behavioural Inhibition system implies multiple types of arousal contribute to anxiety. J. Affect. Disord. 61, 161–176 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, Y. & Noriuchi, M. Power of self-touch: its neural mechanism as a coping strategy in Emotional Engineering, Vol. 7: the Age of Communication. 33–47 (eds Fukuda, S.) (Springer, 2019).

  • Boehme, R. & Olausson, H. Differentiating self-touch from social touch. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 43, 27–33 (2022).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Friston, K. J., Daunizeau, J. & Kiebel, S. J. Reinforcement learning or active inference? PLoS One 4, e6421 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behav. Brain Sci. 36, 181–204 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore, S. J., Wolpert, D. & Frith, C. Why can’t you tickle yourself? Neuroreport 11, R11–R16 (2000).

  • Kilteni, K., Engeler, P. & Ehrsson, H. H. Efference copy is necessary for the attenuation of self-generated touch. iScience 23, 100843 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. Exaptation: a crucial tool for an evolutionary psychology. J. Soc. Issues 47, 43–65 (1991).

    Article 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama, K. Observing conspecifics scratching induces a contagion of scratching in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). J. Comp. Psychol. 118, 20–24 (2004).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, Y. Q., Barry, D. M., Hao, Y., Liu, X. T. & Chen, Z. F. Molecular and neural basis of contagious itch behavior in mice. Science 355, 1072–1076 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar 

  • Laméris, D. W., Berlo, E., Sterck, E. H. M., Bionda, T. & Kret, M. E. Low relationship quality predicts scratch contagion during tense situations in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Am. J. Primatol. 82, e23138 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdivieso-Cortadella, S., Bernardi-Gómez, C., Aureli, F., Llorente, M. & Amici, F. Yawning and scratching contagion in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Sci. Rep. 13, 8367 (2023).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemes, W. P. & Amici, F. Contagious yawning and scratching in captive lemurs. Sci. Rep. 14, 26672 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, J., Micheletta, J., Kaminski, J. & Waller, B. M. Macaques attend to scratching in others. Anim. Behav. 122, 169–175 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. Z. & Hayden, B. Y. Monkeys are curious about counterfactual outcomes. Cognition 189, 1–10 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, C., Piantadosi, S. T. & Aslin, R. N. The Goldilocks effect: human infants allocate attention to visual sequences that are neither too simple nor too complex. PLoS One 7, e36399 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 




  • Source link

    Previous Article

    RFK Jr. gives Elon Musk's DOGE free rein to raid the federal health agency

    Next Article

    Ethereum (ETH) holders are fighting liquidations as price sinks under $2,000

    Write a Comment

    Leave a Comment

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Subscribe to our Newsletter

    Subscribe to our email newsletter to get the latest posts delivered right to your email.
    Pure inspiration, zero spam ✨